Throwing Stones XXII: The Prince Of Bankers

(This is Part XXII. Click here to read Throwing Stones Part XXI: Shattered)

In part XXI, the Stones struggled to deal with the fallout from the  Altamont free concert.

RL  Early 60sAs the sixties drew to close, Rupert Loewenstein noticed that some of the parties he and his wife attended were undergoing a strange transformation. Instead of enjoying drinks and conversation, an increasing number of guests were flopping on a couch or the floor and withdrawing into what appeared to be cosmic bliss or a brain-dead stupor.

On a few occasions, Loewenstein literally stumbled across such guests while saying his goodnights. One evening, he tripped over a skinny young man with long hair. Loewenstein apologized, and the young man seemed to take it all in stride. Months later, Loewenstein would realize that the young man was Mick Jagger, the famous face of The Rolling Stones.

Rupert Loewenstein could be forgiven for being behind the pop cultural curve. He was a well-respected merchant banker and a devoted classical music fan with zero interest in Top 40 trends. Though he made his home in Swinging London, sex, drugs and rock ’n’ roll were about as far from his milieu as you could get.

Prince GerJagger may have been the crown prince of rock, but Rupert Loewenstein was an actual prince. Born in 1933, he was the sole progeny of the royal houses of Wittelsbach and Loewenstein-Wertheim. Loewenstein’s father was a German prince; his mother, a countess. Baby Rupert entered the world with a title, a coat of arms, twelve middle names and a family tree that winds its way through central European history like a trumpet vine wandering the walls of a crumbling castle. The only thing missing was an inheritance. Previous generations on both sides of the family had long since spent the money and sold off the ancestral estates.

Rupert Loewenstein’s father was surprised to learn that his new wife’s family fortune was gone, and she was burning through what was left with alarming speed. His mother was surprised to learn that her new husband wasn’t about to let marriage interfere with his pursuit of beautiful women.

Loewenstein’s parents were Catholic, but that didn’t stop the divorce. Disdain for Hitler and the fact that some of their ancestors were Jewish kept them out of Germany as the Nazis rose to power. Rupert was born in Majorca, Spain, and spent the war years in England with his mother. He attended private boarding schools and earned a scholarship to Oxford.

Having watched his parents mismanage money for years, young Rupert developed a knack for common-sense financial decision making. After college, he accepted an entry-level position with the London offices of Bache & Co., a leading international securities and investment firm. The starting salary was low, but Loewenstein hoped to master skills that would make him a rich man someday. He married Josephine Lowry-Cory, a striking young British woman with a couple of barons and a lost fortune in her own family history. Though money was tight, the couple enjoyed entertaining, and the prince continued to add names to what would now be called his “golden Rolodex.”

Fiver XCULoewenstein worked hard at Bache, and became a skilled stockbroker, negotiator and financial advisor. Upper management decided that the gregarious, multilingual Loewenstein was the ideal man to open Bache’s string of new European brokerage offices. The prince proved them correct while enjoying a lifestyle well beyond his income, thanks to a generous expense account and a healthy travel and entertainment budget. The post-war Western economic boom was roaring toward its high watermark, and the prince and his clients rode the crest of the wave for all it was worth.

In 1962, a wealthy client asked Loewenstein if he would be interested in going into commercial banking. Lowenstein put together a consortium of partners and investors that included his client and purchased Joseph Leopold & Sons, a London-based merchant bank, in 1963.

The bank proved stodgy, even by British standards. The new owners updated the antiquated bookkeeping system and expanded the business, but there was none of the recklessness seen in today’s financial sector. Lowenstein and his partners were largely playing with their own money, and acted accordingly. They dealt in corporate overseas investment, foreign letters of credit, currency trading and other business-oriented banking matters, all guaranteed to raise a yawn in casual conversation. They also offered personal and corporate financial management for select clients.

BowlerFive years after his team purchased the bank, Loewenstein got a call from a young art dealer and socialite named Christopher Gibbs. Gibbs had grown up wealthy, and his career choice kept him in contact with both new money and the old aristocracy. Gibbs had befriended Mick Jagger, and was surprised when Mick told him that The Rolling Stones were, for all practical purposes, broke. The band’s increasingly estranged American manager, Allen Klein, received all of their income, refused to share financial information, and sporadically sent them checks of varying sizes.

Jagger was desperate to find someone who could help his band regain financial control. He knew that Gibbs had friends in the financial world, and asked the art dealer to put him in touch with a qualified candidate willing to take on the job. It was no easy sell. London’s famously conservative bankers still wore bowler hats, and most wouldn’t have touched The Rolling Stones with a ten-foot umbrella. Gibbs had already been turned down by others when he called his princely pal.

Loewenstein was intrigued. He had begun feeling restless and, though he knew nothing about the Stones or their music, thought a rock group might make an interesting client. Christopher Gibbs told Lowenstein that Mick Jagger was far smarter and more personable than the Stones’ image let on. Loewenstein met with Jagger and confirmed Gibbs’ opinion.

RL PRAfterwards, Loewenstein realized that Jagger was the young man he had tripped over months before, but that didn’t stop him from agreeing to take on the band as a business client. The Rolling Stones’ bizarro showbiz fairytale had taken another improbable turn. Their prince had come.

(This concludes Part XXII. Look for Part XXIII, coming soon, only to Bill’s BrainWorks!)

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Throwing Stones XXI: Shattered

(This is Part XXI. Click here to read Throwing Stones Part XX: A Shot Away)

In part XX, the Stones struggled through their set at the violent Altamont free concert.

Richards OTSThe Rolling Stones triumphant American tour had ended in tragedy. The badly shaken band members flew back to England the day after the Altamont free concert, leaving Road Manager Sam Cutler behind to deal with the fallout.

Though the Stones had promised to “take care of him,” they would not speak to Cutler again for several years. When Sam tried to speak for them, it went badly. The day the Stones flew home, San Francisco alternative FM favorite KSAN attempted to untangle the Altamont mess on a special call-in show. The exhausted Cutler was put on the air, but came off as defensive and dismissive. “…if people didn’t dig it, I’m sorry,” he said, sounding far more exasperated than apologetic.KSAN Mic

An angry call from Hells Angels honcho Sonny Barger followed. Barger blamed the band and the crowd for the ugly turn of events, insisting that the Stones had duped the bikers and made them the fall guys for the free concert fiasco.

Sam Cutler lacked the funds, skills and connections to mount a public relations campaign. When he got word that the cops, the Hells Angels and potential plaintiffs’ lawyers were all looking for him, the street-smart Cutler vanished into the San Francisco underground. Many fans and journalists interpreted his silence as an admission of guilt.

Jagger Wary CUStaying under the radar gave Cutler’s reputation a beating, but it may have saved him from a literal one—or something worse. Rumors that the revenge-hungry Hells Angels had put a price on Mick Jagger’s head were making the rounds. A motorcycle gang ordering a hit on a rock star sounds like the plot of a Roger Corman flick, or a tale cooked up by the Stone’s publicity obsessed former manager, Andrew Oldham. But during a 1983 U.S. Senate hearing on the criminal activities of outlaw bikers, a former Hells Angels testified that the gang still had an “open contract” on Jagger, and detailed two failed attempts to kill the singer.

A total of four people died at Altamont. Meredith Hunter was stabbed and stomped to death by the Hells Angels. Two concertgoers were killed by a hit-and-run driver. One accidently drowned in a drainage ditch. Ironically, the same number of people died at Woodstock, a fact that was lost in Woodstock’s overwhelmingly positive media coverage.

RS AltaInitially, national coverage of Altamont was positive as well. Brief stories depicted the concert as a successful “Woodstock West” hampered by a few violent incidents. Then on January 21, 1970, Rolling Stone magazine ran an extensive cover story in which correspondents who had been on-site detailed the brutal reality of events on the ground.

The article shined a light on the inept planning and ego clashes behind the show, then delivered withering critiques of the organizers, audience members, the Hells Angels and The Rolling Stones.  A publication that had consistently heaped praise upon the band now excoriated them for letting things get so out of hand.

Rolling Stone was a countercultural touchstone, and the mainstream press quickly followed its lead. Altamont became an irresistible metaphor for the end of sixties and the death of the hippie dream.

The Rolling Stone piece got many things right. But it failed to mention that Ralph Gleason, publisher Jann Wenner’s mentor and one of the magazine’s founding editors, had been among the loudest voices demanding a free show in the first place. The Stones rock solid  image as the hip, smart, cynical kings of the scene made it nearly impossible for any writer to suspect the truth: they were cash-strapped young men who had been trusting beyond the point of gullibility. Like everyone associated with Altamont, their biggest mistake was believing the myths of sixties’ San Francisco.

Mick2The deals that Tour Manager Ronnie Schneider structured to pull off the 1969 American tour changed the concert industry. So did Altamont. The lesson was clear. Woodstock was a fluke, not a model. A large show required a solid operating budget, extensive planning and a suitable venue with adequate access, parking, concessions, security, first aid, insurance, and more. Any concert that did not have those elements firmly in place invited disaster. Any free show that did not virtually guaranteed it.

Having witnessed the horrors of Altamont firsthand, Ronnie Schneider realized that the Stones’ best defense likely lay in the footage shot by the Maysles brothers and their freelance crews. When David Maysles mentioned that he had enough material for a feature-length documentary, Schneider did a deal in minutes. The agreement was struck before the footage had been processed, and the two men had no way of knowing that the killing of Meredith Hunter had been caught on film.

gimme-shelter---rolling-stones-movie-poster-1970-1010144176Gimme Shelter opened in theatres on the first anniversary of Altamont. The movie captures the scope, complexity, violence and volatility of the event in harrowing detail. It also shows that—despite their generation’s belief in the power of rock stars—the Stones could not have solved everything by simply refusing to play, walking off mid-show, or bossing the crowd and the Angels around.

The scene that clearly shows Meredith Hunter pulling a pistol bolstered the legal defense of the Angel who stabbed him to death. The jury ruled that Alan Passaro acted in self-defense. Meredith Hunter’s mother sued the Rolling Stones, and the matter was settled out-of-court for $10,000. Sam Cutler befriended Jerry Garcia and resurfaced as a co-manager of  The Grateful Dead. Alan Passaro drowned under mysterious circumstances in 1985. The death appeared suspicious, but there was not enough evidence to declare foul play. Shades of Brian Jones.

Though Gimme Shelter softened criticisms of the Stones’ behavior at Altamont, the movie was attacked for profiting from the disaster. But by the time those criticisms arose, The Rolling Stones were desperately trying to escape from a very different kind of debacle.

(Click her to read Throwing Stones XXII: The Prince of Bankers, only on Bill’s BrainWorks!)

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Throwing Stones XX: A Shot Away

(This is Part XX. Click here to read Throwing Stones Part XIX: No Shelter)

Part XIX brought the Stones to the stage at Altamont.

CUMJMick Jagger eyed the tightly packed sea of fans with a worried glance as the Stones plugged in, then broke into his trademark grin. Jagger had spent the 1969 tour urging fans to get up and dance. Now the most famous frontman in rock kicked off a show by telling the band’s largest audience yet to “just keep still.”

The Stones launched into “Jumping Jack Flash,” but the music wasn’t enough to change the mood. The stage remained crowded. The crush up front grew worse. The clashes between the Hells Angels and the audience grew more frequent and ferocious.

Poll Cues SqLarge areas would suddenly clear of people as Angels waded in with their pool cues and concertgoers scrambled to avoid the mayhem. As soon as the Angels moved out, the crowd poured back in. Unable to see much beyond the first few rows, the Stones could tell things were going terribly wrong, but could discern few details.

The show ground to a halt during “Sympathy for the Devil” when a Harley parked in front the stage caught fire. Apparently, the crowd had pressed down on the bike’s seat, causing its shock absorbing springs to contact a battery post. Bikers leapt from the stage to smother the flames and exact revenge. Why the Angels had parked their bikes between the crowd and the stage remains a matter of debate. Some claim it was a deliberate provocation intended to show the fans who was really in charge. Others say it was to keep the audience away from a speaker that had shorted out earlier and, ironically, sparked a small fire.

Jagger WorriedJagger pleaded for peace, and things calmed down long enough for the Stones to resume “Sympathy.” But additional confrontations occurred as the song drew to a close. Downshifting to slower material had a brief, soothing effect, but the violence soon returned.

Keith Richards fearlessly called out the Angels, warning them that the band would not continue if bikers kept beating people up. An Angel grabbed a mike and scolded the crowd like an enraged parent, telling them that if they didn’t behave they would be sent home with no more music. Begging for harmony, a shaken, exasperated Jagger told the crowd to sit down. Most of them did. The band began “Under My Thumb.”

M HunterMeredith Hunter, an 18-year-old African American student, wasn’t interested in sitting down. Hunter had taken methamphetamine, and was determined to work his way to the stage, ignoring the pleas of his girlfriend and Mick Jagger alike. Hunter reached his destination, only to have a couple of Angels rough him up and heave him back into the crowd. When more Angels headed his way, Hunter made a fatal mistake. He pulled the .22 caliber revolver that he had tucked in his pants and hidden beneath his jacket.

A Hells Angel named Alan Passaro drew a knife and launched himself at Hunter with astonishing speed. Parrying the pistol, Passaro stabbed Hunter repeatedly. Other Angels swarmed in and began stomping Hunter as soon as he hit the ground.

Frustrated by yet another eruption, the Stones stopped playing long enough to be told that someone had pulled a gun and been removed from the audience. They called for a doctor , asking the audience to make way as necessary.  They were not told that Meredith Hunter had been stabbed, and had no way of knowing that he had died within minutes of being taken to a first aid station.

In the song “Gimme Shelter,” the Stones had warned that the line between chaos and civilization was far thinner than most people realized. Altamont taught them just how right they were. Caught in a phantasmagoric nightmare that threatened to explode into a full-blown Angels vs. audience riot at any moment, the band had little choice but to continue the show. They felt as if they were literally playing for their lives. They probably were.

Gimme ShelterThe Stones closed with—of all things—“Street Fighting Man,” and hurried offstage. Cars rushed the band and the terrified touring party to a helicopter that was waiting on the racetrack. Seventeen people squeezed into a chopper designed to carry no more than twelve, and the overloaded whirlybird struggled into the air. Keenly aware that he was carrying too much weight, the pilot kept his altitude low as he flew to the tiny airport in nearby Livermore. After a bumpy landing, the band and its associates returned to San Francisco by car.

Meanwhile, back at Altamont, stage and lighting designer Chip Monck began packing up equipment. When the exhausted Monck tried to stop three Hells Angels from making off with the Persian carpet the Stones used on stage, the bikers knocked his front teeth out. “Woodstock West” was over. But the backlash was just beginning.

(This concludes Part XX. Click now to read Throwing Stones Part XXI: Shattered)

 

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Throwing Stones XIX: No Shelter

(This is Part XIX. Click here to read Throwing Stones Part XVIII: Merciless Angels)

Part XVIII traced the symbiotic relationship between the Hells Angels and the Bay Area music scene, and the road that led the Angels to Altamont.

M&KForty-five years ago this week, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards slipped into a limo and left  the holiday lights of San Francisco behind. Joined by  Tour Manager Ronnie Schneider, bodyguard Tony Funches and writer Stanley Booth, they travelled to the Altamont Motor Speedway, the site of the free music festival the Stones were scheduled to headline the following day.

All appeared well when Jagger, Richards and company arrived at Altamont that chilly northern California night. Tens of thousands of concertgoers were already settling in. Camp fires peppered the hills, and people seemed to cover every square inch of ground. The rockers left their limo and began checking things out on foot. Friendly fans tagged along in the darkness, but nobody hassled their heroes. Tony Funches bummed a joint at Mick’s request. Bottles of wine were shared. A communal spirit filled the air.

Both Jagger and Richards said the scene reminded them of Morocco. Ronnie Schneider has described it as mystical. Stanley Booth would later realize that the seductive, dreamlike quality of the experience had obscured the site’s shortcomings. “The night before was like Morocco,” he wrote, “but it was also like anything you wanted it to be.”

51CN2B9NC5LKeith Richards decided he liked the mood so much that he would spend the night. Spying a flimsy fence that had been flattened by the crowd, Richards chuckled. “The first act of violence,” he joked. His casual wisecrack would prove disturbingly prophetic. Booth remembers the group’s limo running out of gas before they left, but Schneider says they merely worried about having enough to get back to the city, which they did.

On Saturday, December 6, helicopters ferried Mick Jagger, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts and the tour staff to the speedway. Everything looked shockingly different in the light of day.

Though less than 100 miles from the California coast, the landscape was dreary, brown and overrun with scrub growth. The highway leading to the raceway had been transformed into a giant parking lot, as carloads of people surrendered to a massive traffic jam, abandoned their vehicles and walked to the site. Broken glass, windblown trash, and the rusting hulks of totaled demolition derby racers littered the area surrounding the rundown track.

Festival organizers had expected over 100,000 people. Over 350,000 showed up. Food, water, shelter, communications, emergency medical care, toilets and trashcans were all in dangerously short supply. But there was no scarcity of drugs, booze or Hells Angels.

Trouble started as soon as The Stones touched down. A young man rushed Mick Jagger and punched him in the face, screaming, “I hate you!” Jagger composed himself quickly, shouting “Don’t hurt him!” as the man was dragged away.

Trailer SquareTony Funches couldn’t believe his eyes. The “backstage” area consisted of a few scattered trailers and a large tent. There were no barriers and next to no fencing. The small force of private security guards hired by track-owner Dick Carter was far more interested in protecting property than people. Funches’ military experience had taught him the value of a defined perimeter. But establishing one at Altamont was impossible.

The band stuck to the tent and trailers, awaiting the arrival of bassist Bill Wyman, who had opted to do some Christmas shopping and make the trip to Altamont by car. Out front, Tour Manager Sam Cutler was struggling to keep people off of the stage, which several attendees saw as an ideal platform for political speeches. Others just wanted to be where the bands were. Fearing the low stage would collapse under the weight of these self-invited guests, Cutler asked the Hells Angels to help him keep non-musicians off of it. To his dismay, it was soon crowded with bikers.

A literal busload of Angels had arrived at Altamont the previous day, staking out “Angel Land” near the speaker towers. Many, many more showed up on Harleys. While both Charlie Watts and members of the Maysles brothers’ film crew have stated that they encountered individual Hells Angels who were sober, helpful and easy to get along with, the majority of the bikers in attendance were none of the above. They soon made their presence felt.

Dead LogoThe Angels had begun drinking early. Complicating matters, legendary San Francisco underground chemist Owsley Stanley and others were handing out free LSD, and Angels were downing the drug by the handful. At least one of the batches being circulated was laced with methamphetamine. The result was a potent hybrid that produced nightmarish hallucinations and paranoid, hair-trigger aggression—the worst of both worlds.

The Angels weren’t the only ones getting loaded. Zonked-out fans quickly became a danger to themselves and others. Some unwittingly dosed themselves when they took swigs of wine from jugs that, unbeknownst to them, were spiked with acid. Georgia “Jo” Bergman, the Stones office manager, was shaken to discover a sea of “nasty, mean stoned people” instead of “happy, cheerful stoned people.” Sam Cutler said it was as if San Francisco had been destroyed by a nuclear bomb and the desperate survivors had all fled to Altamont.  Angels roared through the audience on their Harleys, further rattling the tightly packed crowd. The bad vibes were reaching the boiling point.

JeffAirAn opening set by Santana was interrupted by several minor incidents. Confrontations intensified, then calmed down a bit when the Flying Burrito Brothers played. But clashes between the Angels and the crowd escalated with alarming speed during the Jefferson Airplane’s performance. Groups of Angels armed with pool cues were delivering savage beatings to anyone they felt was out of line. Other gang members amused themselves by hurling full cans of beer at audience members’ heads.  The first aid stations were overwhelmed with overdoses and skull fractures. Airplane vocalist Martin Balin began criticizing the Angels’ violent behavior. A biker quickly retaliated, knocking the singer unconscious. Balin came to, confronted the Angel, and was coldcocked again.

hellsangels Local favorites The Grateful Dead were scheduled to appear after Crosby, Stills & Nash. The Dead arrived, assessed the scene, and departed without playing a single note. That left the audience waiting for The Rolling Stones, who were waiting for Bill Wyman, who was stuck in traffic. The situation continued to deteriorate as darkness fell. Wyman finally made it through. The Stones took the stage, surrounded by a claustrophobic combination of anger, anticipation and dread. The crowd pressed forward. The worst was yet to come.

(This concludes Part XIX. Click now to read Part XX: A Shot Away!)

 

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Throwing Stones XVIII: Merciless Angels

(This is Part XVIII. Click here to read Throwing Stones Part XVII: You Gotta’ Move)

In Part XVII, a last-minute agreement made the Altamont Speedway the new site of the free festival created to cap The Rolling Stones’ successful North American tour.

MonckCUBy the end of the sixties, Chip Monck had earned a hard-won reputation as one of the best stage, sound and lighting guys in the business. Having completed preparations for the free concert at the Sears Point Raceway, Monck suddenly had less than two days to tear everything down, truck it fifty miles east to the Altamont Speedway, and set it all up again. Like Tour Manager Sam Cutler, Chip Monck was a trooper. He rallied his largely volunteer crew and pulled off the final miracle of the improbable 1969 tour.

Upon arriving at Altamont, Monck discovered that the new venue’s topography presented him with several stage placement options—all of them lousy. With well over 100,000 fans expected to attend the free festival, the stage would have to be built on the acreage surrounding the track, and the fans would have to seat themselves on the grass. At Sears Point, Monck had positioned the stage at the crest of a steep drop-off, lifting it some eight feet above the audience. At Altamont, the best choice for sightlines and speaker tower positions put the Stones at the base of the hills in a low bowl.

The stage was only 39 inches tall, and there was no time to bring in risers and boost its height. Monck’s crew began the build. It was too late to mull things over, and Monck was thinking like a stage designer, not a security expert. In fact, it appears perilously little thought had been given to security throughout the tour.

Funches CU Incredible as it seems today, the Stones had hired just one man to handle security for the entire enterprise. Tony Funches was an African American Viet Nam war vet, raised by strict parents in the gospel church. He was big man who only used his fists when all else failed. Fortunately, there had been few incidents during the tour. As the band’s bodyguard, Funches spent most of his time fending off the endless stream of fans, groupies and hustlers who concocted ingenious schemes to meet the Stones. He also intercepted audience members who leapt onstage and made mad dashes at Mick, returning them to the crowd with the catch-and-release care of a conscientious angler.

The Stones even kept the cops out of the arenas for most of the shows, much to the chagrin of local police chiefs. The harsh tactics deployed against demonstrators during the sixties had tarnished American law enforcement’s public image. Minorities and young people were the most disaffected, but the savage clashes between police and protestors throughout 1968 left many older, white Americans shaking their heads as well.

Mick Jagger made it clear that he didn’t want the cops anywhere near the free festival. But there were no funds available to pay for large scale private security. When Jagger openly wondered who could handle the job, San Fran scenester and former Grateful Dead manager Rock Scully offered what he thought was an ideal solution: The Hells Angels.

Angel Colors CUThis suggestion seemed somewhat reasonable in 1969, especially if you were English. There were English Hells Angels, fifty of whom had helped out with The Rolling Stones successful free concert in Hyde Park. So when Scully pitched the American Angels in glowing, countercultural terms, describing the bikers as “righteous” and “dignified,” it sounded good to the Stones.

Though some accounts continue to claim that the English Hells Angels handled security for the Hyde Park show, London’s famed police force was very much in evidence. The Stones even made their way to the stage in a Police armored car. Scotland Yard’s internal report dismissed the Angels’ security efforts as “totally ineffective.” Hardly surprising, since the circa ’69 English Angels were primarily wannabes who dressed like American bikers. Photos from Hyde Park reveal many of them to be teenage boys too young to shave.

The American Hells Angels, by contrast, were hardened outlaws. They had little use for hippies, though they enjoyed sex, drugs and rock ’n’ roll as much as the next dude. Probably more. Okay, a lot more.

hells_angels_logoDuring the rise of the San Francisco scene, a symbiotic relationship had evolved between musicians, event organizers and local Hells Angels chapters. When the bikers attended a show, they quickly staked out their turf, which fellow concertgoers nicknamed “Angel Land.” It was a land most non-Angels feared to tread. Organizers and promoters soon realized that by encouraging the strategic placement of Angel Land, they could create a buffer zone between the audience and potential problem areas like the soundboard, the power generators or the backstage entrance. The Angels were happy to occupy the suggested piece of real estate in exchange for cases of free beer.

The highpoint of Hells Angels/Frisco Music Scene cooperation occurred in June of 1967, at the Magic Mountain Music Festival, high atop Mount Tamalpais in Marin County. The festival featured a stellar lineup, including The Byrds, The Doors and Jefferson Airplane. As detailed in Rolling Stone, the Angels shuttled several artists up the steep mountain to the stage on their Harleys. A peaceful, sun-drenched gathering was enjoyed by all.

Barger

Two less-than-groovy years later, Woodstock sent a whiff of that old Summer of Love spirit back into the air. In late November, 1969, the Oakland and Frisco Angels casually cut a deal involving the upcoming Bay Area concert. Most accounts claim that Sam Cutler and Rock Scully bargained with the bikers, but all of the key players have spent decades disputing exactly who was involved and exactly what, if anything, was agreed upon.

CutlerSam Cutler has consistently stated that his conversation never went beyond the Angels placing themselves around the generators and receiving some beer for  the favor. Cutler says he put up $500 in beer money out of his own pocket, having been promised that the other acts would pitch in and repay  their share. (They never did.) Angels Godfather Sonny Barger says he told the concert organizers that his guys were nobody’s cops, but they would be willing to sit on the front edge of the stage to keep others off of it. Ronnie Schneider has repeatedly made it clear that he was the Stones’ sole representative for the tour, and neither he nor the band ever authorized, approved or issued funds to hire the Angels to serve as security—or anything else. Ultimately, the bikers came away with the understanding that they would help protect the equipment and musicians at the free festival in exchange for that $500 worth of beer.

It was a turning point that would haunt the Rolling Stones for the rest of their lives.

(This concludes Part XVIII. Click now to read Throwing Stones Part XIX: No Shelter)

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